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ECE/TRANS/180/Add.6/Amend.3
October 9, 2020
Incorporating:
GLOBAL REGISTRY
Created on November 18, 2004, Pursuant to Article 6 of the
AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHING OF GLOBAL TECHNICAL
REGULATIONS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS WHICH
CAN BE FITTED AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES
(ECE/TRANS/132 and Corr.1)
DONE AT GENEVA ON JUNE 25, 1998
Addendum:
GLOBAL TECHNICAL REGULATION NO. 06
SAFETY GLAZING MATERIALS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT
(ESTABLISHED IN THE GLOBAL REGISTRY ON MARCH 11, 2010)
Corrigendum 1
dated May 21, 2010
Amendment 1
dated April 6, 2011
Corrigendum 2
dated January 30, 2018
Amendment 2
dated October 9, 2020
Amendment 3
dated October 9, 2020

---

5. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
5.1.
Requirements Applicable to All Glazing
5.1.1.
Light Transmittance Test
5.1.2.
Test of Resistance to Abrasion
5.2.
Requirements Applicable to All Glazing Faced with Plastic
5.2.1.
Test of Resistance to Temperature Changes
5.2.2.
Test of Resistance to Fire
5.2.3.
Test of Resistance to Chemicals
5.3.
Requirements Applicable to All Laminated Glass and All Glazing Faced with Plastic
5.3.1.
Test of Resistance to Radiation
5.3.2.
Test of Resistance to High Temperature
5.3.3.
Test of Resistance to Humidity
5.4.
Requirements Applicable to Windscreens
5.4.1.
Optical Distortion Test
5.4.2.
Secondary Image Separation Test
5.4.3.
Head-form Test on Windscreens
5.4.4.
2 260g Ball Test
5.4.5.
227g Ball Test
5.5.
Requirements Applicable to Panes
5.5.1.
Requirements Applicable Only to Uniformly-Toughened Panes
5.5.1.1. Fragmentation Test
5.5.1.2. 227g Ball Test
5.5.2.
Requirements Applicable Only to Laminated-Glass and Glass-Plastic Panes
5.5.2.1. 227g Ball Test
5.5.3.
Requirements Applicable Only to Double-Glazed Units
5.5.3.1. Individual Components
5.5.3.2. Head-form Test
6. TEST CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES
6.1.
Test Conditions
6.2.
Fragmentation Test
6.3.
227g Ball Test
6.4.
2 260g Ball Test
6.5.
Head-form Tests
6.6.
Test of Resistance to Abrasion
6.7.
Test of Resistance to High Temperature
6.8.
Test of Resistance to Radiation
6.9.
Test of Resistance to Humidity
6.10.
Test of Resistance to Temperature Changes
6.11.
Light Transmittance Test
6.12.
Optical Distortion Test
6.13.
Secondary Image Separation Test
6.14.
Test of Resistance to Fire
6.15.
Test of Resistance to Chemicals
7. ANNEXES
7.1
Procedures for Determining Test Areas on Windscreens
7.2.
Measurement of the Height of Segment and Position of the Points of Impact

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(b)
Summary
5. The draft GTR specifies performance requirements for various types of glazing
(i.e., laminated and toughened glass) intended for installation in Category 1 and 2
vehicles as defined in Special Resolution No. 1. The requirements apply to glazing as
an item of equipment, and do not include installation requirements for vehicles.
Performance requirements for some of the materials are different if the material is
intended for installation as a windscreen or as a pane. The draft GTR includes
requirements and tests to ensure that the mechanical properties, optical qualities and
environmental resistance of glazing are satisfactory.
6. Four tests and requirements are used in the GTR for mechanical properties: a
fragmentation test, a 227g steel ball, a 2.26kg steel ball and a 10kg head-form. The
first three appear in all of the national or regional regulations. The fragmentation test
in this GTR is similar to those included in UNECE Regulation No. 43 "Uniform
Provisions Concerning the Approval of Safety Glazing and Glazing Materials." The
227g steel ball and 2.26kg steel ball tests are similar in the national or regional
regulations examined and the differences were resolved in the GTR. The major
difference from all existing regulations is the drop height for the small ball test for
uniformly toughened glass panes. Based upon analysis conducted by Japan, which
demonstrated that the force from a drop height of 2.0m represented the force of a
typical object impacting a pane, it was decided that a drop height of 2.0m could be
retained. The head-form test in this GTR specifies one drop height, and not two as in
European and Asian regulations.
7. Three types of optical qualities are addressed by the GTR: light transmission, optical
distortion and double image. The minimum light transmittance level for glazing
required for the driver's forward field of vision is 70% as it is in North American and
Asian regulations, and not 75% as it is in European regulations. This is justified by
costs/benefits analysis. The test procedure is based on the UNECE test procedure.
The main difference from the other tests in the national or regional regulations
examined was not the requirements, but the test procedure. This was resolved by
selecting the test procedure that was most similar to real-world conditions.
8. For environmental resistance, the GTR includes requirements related to temperature
change, fire, chemical resistance, abrasion, radiation, high temperature and humidity.
The first four of these were common to all the examined regulations. Minor
differences in the other three were resolved for the GTR.
9. The IG understands that research to update some of the environmental tests is
currently being conducted within the glazing industry. However, for the time being, the
GTR can only consider the available practice and test requirements. Once the new
test procedures/test equipments are validated and updated by the industry, proposals
could be made to update the GTR accordingly. Other areas that could be the subject
of future proposals to upgrade the GTR such as installation provisions, plastic
glazing, and unified markings, are subject to the approval by WP.29 and AC.3.

---

(a)
Existing Requirements/Tests not included in the GTR
14. The European and Asian regulations include a requirement for colour recognition.
The requirement was originally adopted to prevent confusion concerning traffic
signals. The North American regulations do not include such a requirement, nor was it
adopted by ISO. Experience has shown that colour distortion is not a problem at the
light transmission levels allowed by any national or regional regulation for
windscreens. For lack of safety justification, the requirement is not included in the
GTR.
15. The North American regulations include a 4.99kg shot bag test. The test requires a
leather bag filled with lead shot. Experience has shown that it is difficult to obtain
consistent results because variations in the suppleness of the leather play a
significant role in the distribution of force on the impact area. For lack of objectivity,
the test was not included in the GTR.
16. The North American regulations also include a 198g dart test. The dart test is a test
that causes fracture and delaminated areas for laminated windscreens and panes.
The 227g ball test evaluates the same characteristics. Because the dart is very close
in mass to the 227g ball, the tests provide similar information. For this reason the
227g ball test is included in the GTR only because the slightly increased weight
makes the test slightly more severe.
17. The European and Japanese regulations include head-form tests at both 1.5m and
4m drop heights. The test at the 4m drop height is not included in this GTR. The 4m
drop height test shall be conducted on specially manufactured test pieces rather than
normal production parts. The primary benefit of this test is to assess the penetration
resistance, which is already assessed in other test protocols included in the GTR.
(b)
Common Requirements in all of the Regulations
18. All of the regulations considered include identical requirements for glazing with an
exposed plastic layer. These requirements are tested for the resistance to:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Temperature change;
Fire;
Chemicals (e.g., cleaning compounds);
Abrasion.
19. By its nature, glass glazing is resistant to these factors. However glazing with an
exposed plastic face could have low resistance. If the glazing were not resistant to
temperature changes, chemicals or abrasion, the ability of a driver to see through the
glazing would be compromised. If the glazing permitted a fire to spread on an
exposed plastic surface, this could also be a hazard to the occupants of the vehicle.
Because a safety of justification for these requirements exists, they were included in
the GTR.

---

26. When a toughened pane is broken, the fracture pattern observed depends not only on
the degree of thermal toughening introduced in the processing, but also on the
peripheral shape of the pane and the location of the point of fracture. There is a
complex interaction between the developing crack and the resultant stress wave that
is reflected back from the edges of the pane. As a general rule the centre break
position is the most critical. However, if a pane has a significant degree of curvature
at the lateral extremities, a geometric centre break point can mask toughening issues.
Adding an additional fragmentation point in the region of smallest radius, it can be
verified if the glass has been properly toughened.
27. After reviewing all of these regulations the experts agreed that two breaking points
could be specified and adopted the minimum number of fragments count technique
with additional limits on fragment size and shape. The centre breaking position is
specified for all panes. For panes with complex curves, an additional test point is
introduced at the place where the minimum radius of curvature "r", on the longest
median, is less than 200mm. Specifying this point means that the additional test
points in the European and Asian regulations are not required. The value of 200mm is
based on tests carried out by the European test laboratories e.g. Material
Prüfungs-Amt (MPA), British Standard Institute (BSI) and L'Union Technique de
l'Automobile, du Motocycle et du Cycle (UTAC).
28. Both the North American technique of weighing the largest fragment and the
European/Asian technique of counting fragments are intended to ensure that, the
glazing breaks into a large number of small fragments to reduce the severity of
lacerations risks.
29. While the North American technique is a simpler test to perform, the recent use of
very thin toughened glazing would permit a significant increase of the fragment size.
For this reason assessing the number of fragments and limiting their area seemed to
provide the greatest measure of safety.
30. The purpose of the 227g steel ball test is to assess the resistance of the glazing to
impacts from stones or other flying objects that might be encountered in everyday
use. For uniformly toughened glass panes, in Europe and Asia, a drop height of 2.0 to
2.5m, depending on the thickness of the glazing, is specified. In the United States of
America, a drop height of 3.05m is specified. Tests in Japan led to the conclusion that
a drop height of 2.0m is sufficient for this type of glazing. The typically encountered
stone was determined to have a mass of 2-3g. In the case of a windscreen, an impact
velocity of 150km/h may be reached. However, the impact velocity on a windscreen is
largely determined by the speed of the vehicle, which is not the case for panes where
the impact velocity will be lower. Assuming a worst-case impact velocity of 150km/h,
the impact energy of a 3g object would be equivalent to the impact energy of the 227g
ball dropped from a height of 1.15m. Therefore, it was decided that the lowest height,
2m, used in any national or regional regulation, would be sufficient to assess a pane
impacted by a stone or other small object. This lower drop height will also allow the
use of thinner panes, resulting in a weight reduction that could contribute to lower fuel
consumption.

---

(d)
Optical Properties
34. The relationship between light transmission and a driver's visual needs is complex.
Factors involved include visual acuity, prevailing contrast levels, vehicle speed and
the location of the glazing in the vehicle. Body tinted heat absorbing and heat
reflecting darker glazing is desired to reduce the amount of heat from solar radiation
entering the vehicle, however, darker glazing also reduces the ability to see out of the
vehicle. In developing the GTR, there was agreement that glazing requisite for the
driver's primary visibility should exhibit good light transmission properties. All existing
national or regional regulations require higher levels of light transmission for glazing
at locations that the driver would use for his forward field of view, e.g., windscreens
and some side panes. In many instances where existing national or regional
regulations allow lower levels of light transmission at locations to the rear of the
driver, this allowance is tied to a requirement for rear-view mirrors.
The divergence in national legislation regarding light transmission levels for rearward
field of view glazing is one of the main issues that led the informal group to request
advice from AC.3 on including provisions in the GTR when various types of glazing
could be installed in a vehicle. However, since AC.3 determined that the GTR should
not include installation provisions, making lower light transmittance levels provisional
on other items of equipment could not be included in this GTR. Therefore, the use of
darker glazing to the rear of the driver is at the discretion of the Contracting Parties.
35. With regard to the light transmittance requirements for forward vision, the GTR
specifies a minimum level of 70% light transmittance. Current national or regional
regulations specify either 70% (North America) or 75% (UNECE). Laboratory test
studies and vehicle accident data do not show any influence on safety with the
lower minimum limit for light transmission. Therefore this level was selected for the
GTR.
36. The GTR specifies limits on distortion and double image. If the glazing caused too
much distortion or created double images this could lead to driver confusion. The
main differences among the existing national or regional regulations are not in the
levels specified but in the test methods for both of these requirements. In the North
American and Canadian regulations, the test method specifies measuring at normal
incidence (perpendicular) to the glazing surface. By contrast, the European and Asian
regulations specify measuring in defined vision areas at the intended installation
angle of the glazing. Because the European and Asian regulations evaluate the
image seen by the driver, these tests were included in the GTR.
37. At the time many of the early regulations were developed, the angle of installation of
most windscreens was very low, that is close to vertical. Modern windscreens can be
complex in terms of styling. They are larger, with high angles of inclination (typically in
excess of 60° to the vertical) and shaped to bend into the bodywork to improve
aerodynamics. Distortion is a function of the angle of incidence and can be up to
10 times greater at an inclination of 62° than at normal incidence. For this reason, the
GTR specifies testing at the intended installation angle to ensure that the distortion
measured accurately reflects what a driver might encounter.

---

(f)
Application
42. The GTR is applicable to glazing intended for installation in Category 1 and 2 vehicles
as defined by Special Resolution No. 1. These definitions cover vehicles glazing
included within the scope of both the existing regulations and the 1998 Agreement.
As explained above, based on guidance from WP.29, the GTR specifies requirements
for glazing as an item of motor vehicle equipment and not for the vehicle.
(g)
Markings
43. Existing national or regional regulations require markings on glazing that generally fall
into three categories:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
The type of material the glazing is constructed from;
The manufacturer of the glazing; and
The regulation(s) the glazing is manufactured to comply with.
44. In the first category, the regulations vary only in the symbol used for each material,
not the content. In the second category, some regulations require a trade name or
mark, some require an assigned identifier, and others require a higher level of detail,
for example, not just the manufacturer but the actual plant where the glazing was
fabricated. The third category generally reflects differences in enforcement
mechanisms in various countries.
45. This GTR specifies marking requirements for only the first category. The marking
system in UNECE Regulation No. 43 was the starting point. However, some
additional markings were added to make sure each type of glazing which has unique
requirements under the GTR has a unique marking.
46. Contracting Parties will be able to continue to require additional markings in one or
both of the other two categories. While some manufacturers would also like the GTR
to include markings in these categories, thus eliminating the need to add multiple
markings if the glazing is sold in more than one country, they are not included at this
time.
(h)
Sampling
47. Whenever possible it is desirable to test actual production parts and/or test pieces cut
from production parts. However, in the abrasion and 1.5m head-form test for
double-glazed panes, the test piece shall fit a holder or support frame. Since it is not
practicable to design a new holder or support frame for each production part, these
tests specify the testing of specially prepared test pieces. It is expected that the test
pieces would be identical to the glazing in production parts, except for the shape
and/or size.

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Laminated Windscreens (Continued)
TEST
EUROPE
UNECE Regulation No. 43
JAPAN
Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles,
Article 29
USA
FMVSS 205
DRAFT
GLOBAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION
Penetration
Resistance 2.26kg
ball
Test method: ISO 3537
Drop height 4.0m
Test method: ISO 3537
Drop height 4.0m
Test method: ISO 3537
Drop height 3.65m
As UNECE Regulation No. 43
Abrasion Resistance Test method: ISO 3537 As UNECE Regulation No. 43 As UNECE Regulation No. 43 As UNECE Regulation No. 43
Headform Impact
Test
Test method: ISO 3537
Evaluation of penetration
resistance and breaking pattern
4m drop test on flat test pieces.
1.5m drop test on windscreens
Test method: ISO 3537
No test
Evaluation as UNECE Regulation No. 43
Testing as UNECE Regulation No. 43
The headform 1.5m drop test
on windscreens is included.
(The ECE R43 and Japanese
test at 4.0m on flat test
pieces is not included)
Colour Identification
Test to verify that traffic light
colours can be recognized.
Not an ISO test
As UNECE Regulation No. 43 No test No test

---

Toughened Bodyglass (Continued)
TEST UNECE Regulation No. 43
JAPAN
Safety Regulations for Road
Vehicles, Article 29
USA
FMVSS 205
DRAFT
GLOBAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION
Fragmentation Test procedure ISO 3537
● Production parts are broken using a
spring loaded centre punch or pointed
hammer from 4 defined breaking points
● The minimum particle count allowed is
40 (in any 5 � 5cm sided square) with
an upper limit of 450 for a thickness
<3.50mm.
400 for thickness >3.5mm
● No elongated particles (splines) in
excess of 7.5cm are permitted
● The maximum particle size allowed is
3cm
NB: Some deviations on the above are
permitted.
Example: splines up to 10cm
ISO 3537
Requirements are similar to
those specified in UNECE
Regulation No. 43
Some small differences in the
allowed deviations
Deviation examples:
● splines up to 15cm
● in case particle count <40,
then:
particle count
>= 160 in any 10 � 10cm is
acceptable
Fragmentation test as ISO 3537,
with only one defined break
position (25mm inboard of the
mid-point of the longest edge)
The interpretation of results is
based on the weight of the
largest fragment, which shall not
exceed 4.25g. This equates to
the following maximum particle
sizes: 3mm thickness: 5.6cm
4mm thickness: 4.2cm
5mm thickness: 3.4cm
No evaluation of the length of
fragments.
As UNECE
Regulation No. 43, with some
changes:
● a single centre break
position is specified.
● the upper particle count
limit is removed.
Minimum limit remains at
40.
● the elongated particle limit
is raised from 7.5 to 10cm
● Determination of the
largest particle weight
rather than of the area,
e.g. for glass up to 4.5mm
thickness the weight shall
not exceed 3.0g.
This equates to:
3.9cm for glass 3mm
3.0cm for glass 4mm
Unlike UNECE Regulation
No. 43 and Japan,
no deviations are permitted.

---

3.3.3. Glass-plastics means glazing consisting of any glazing material which comprises one
layer of glass and one or more layers of plastic in which a plastic surface of the product
faces the inner side.
3.3.4. Interlayer: means any material designed to be used to hold together the component
layers of laminated-glass.
3.3.5. Laminated-glass: means glazing consisting of two or more layers of glass held together
by one or more inter-layers of plastic material.
3.3.6. Glazing faced with plastics: means either toughened-glass or laminated-glass with a
layer of plastic on the inner side.
3.3.7. Uniformly toughened-glass: means glazing consisting of a single layer of glass which
has been subjected to special treatment to increase its mechanical strength and to
condition its fragmentation after shattering.
3.4. Glazing Requisite for Driver Visibility
3.4.1. Glazing requisite for the driver's forward field of vision: means all the glazing
forward of a plane passing through the driver's "R" Point and perpendicular to the
longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, through which the driver can view the road
when driving or manoeuvring the vehicle.
3.4.2. Glazing requisite for the driver's rearward field of vision: means all glazing rearward
of a plane passing through the driver's "R" Point and perpendicular to the longitudinal
median plane of the vehicle, through which the driver can view the road when driving or
manoeuvring the vehicle.
3.5. Height of segment "h": means the maximum distance, measured at right angles to the
glazing, separating the inner surface of the glazing from a plane passing through the
ends of the glazing. (see Annex 7.2., Figure 1)
3.6. Inner side: means the side of glazing which is facing towards the passenger
compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle.
3.7. Nominal thickness: means the manufacturer's design thickness with a tolerance of
± (n � 0.2mm) where n equals the number of glass layers in the glazing.
3.8. Opaque obscuration: means any area of the glazing preventing light transmission,
including any screen-printed area, whether solid or dot-printed, but excluding any shade
band.
3.9. Optical deviation means the angle between the true and the apparent direction of a
point viewed through the windscreen, the magnitude of the angle being a function of the
angle of incidence of the line of sight, the thickness and inclination of the windscreen,
and the radius of curvature "r" at the point of incidence.
3.10. Optical distortion means an optical defect in a windscreen that changes the
appearance of an object viewed through the windscreen.
3.11 Outer side means the side of glazing which is facing away from the passenger
compartment when the material is mounted in the vehicle.

---

3.22. Windscreen means the glazing in front of the driver through which the driver views the
road ahead.
3.22.1. Inclination angle of a windscreen means the angle included between a vertical line
and a straight line passing through the top and bottom edges of the inner side of the
windscreen, when both lines are contained in the vertical plane through the longitudinal
axis of the vehicle.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Markings
4.1.1. General Requirements for Markings.
4.1.1.1. All marking shall be clearly legible from at least one side of the glazing, indelible, and at
least 3mm in height.
4.1.2. Identification Marks.
Each piece of glazing shall bear the appropriate marks set out in this section.
4.1.2.1. Identification marks for windscreens.
4.1.2.1.1. "II" for laminated-glass.
4.1.2.1.2. "IV" for glass-plastics.
4.1.2.2. Identification marks for panes.
4.1.2.2.1. No symbol is required for uniformly toughened glass.
4.1.2.2.2. "XI" for laminated glass. In addition, the appropriate application will be signified by:
/D For laminated-glass panes with enhanced mechanical properties
4.1.2.2.3. "VI" for a double glazed unit.
4.1.2.2.4. "XII" for glass-plastics.
4.1.2.3. Additional identification marks.
4.1.2.3.1. Glazing faced with plastic shall be marked with "/P" after the mark required by
Paragraph 4.1.2.1. or 4.1.2.2., e.g., II/P.
4.1.2.3.2. Glazing with a light transmission of less than 70% shall be marked with "/V" and the mark
required by Paragraph 4.1.2.2.
4.1.2.3.3. If glazing requires both the "/P" and the "/V", the mark required by Paragraph 4.1.2.3.1
shall precede the mark required by Paragraph 4.1.2.3.2.

---

5.1. Requirements Applicable to all Glazing
5.1.1. Light Transmittance Test
5.1.1.1. When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.11, the regular light transmittance of
glazing requisite for the driver's forward field of vision shall not be less than 70%.
5.1.1.2. When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.11., the regular light transmittance of
glazing requisite for the driver's rearward field of vision may be less than 70%, if not
forbidden by the national legislation or regulation of Contracting Party.
5.1.1.3. Test pieces
5.1.1.3.1. Three test pieces shall be tested and each shall meet the requirements.
5.1.1.3.2. The test pieces shall be as described in Paragraph 6.11.3.
5.1.2. Test of Resistance to Abrasion
5.1.2.1. Except as provided in Paragraph 5.1.2.2., when tested in accordance with
Paragraph 6.6. for 1,000 cycles, light scatter shall not exceed 2%.
5.1.2.2. For glazing faced with plastic, when tested on the inner side in accordance with
Paragraph 6.6. for 100 cycles, light scatter shall not exceed 4%.
5.1.2.3. Test pieces
5.1.2.3.1. Three test pieces shall be tested and each shall meet the requirements.
5.1.2.3.2. The test pieces shall be as described in Paragraph 6.6.
5.2. Requirements Applicable to all Glazing Faced with Plastic
5.2.1. Test of Resistance to Temperature Changes.
5.2.1.1. When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.10. the test pieces shall not show any
evidence of cracking, clouding, separation of layers or apparent deterioration.
5.2.1.2. Test pieces
5.2.1.2.1. Two test pieces shall be tested and each shall meet the requirements.
5.2.1.2.1. The test pieces shall be as described in Paragraph 6.10.
5.2.2. Test of Resistance to Fire
5.2.2.1. When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.14., the rate of burning shall not exceed
90mm/min.
5.2.2.2. Test pieces
5.2.2.2.1. Five test pieces shall be tested and each shall meet the requirements.
5.2.2.2.2. The test pieces shall be as described in Paragraph 6.14.

---

5.4. Requirements Applicable to Windscreens
5.4.1. Optical Distortion Test.
When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.12. optical distortion shall not exceed the
values given below for each zone or test area.
Vehicle category
Zone or test area
Maximum values of
optical distortion
1-1 and 2 (based on a 1-1
where the windscreen and
seating positions are identical)
1-2 and 2 (except those based
on a 1-1 where the windscreen
and seating position are
identical)
A � extended according to Paragraph 7.1.3.2.2.
B � reduced according to Paragraph 7.1.3.2.4.
I according to Paragraph 7.1.3.3.2.
2' of arc
6' of arc
2' of arc
5.4.1.1. No measurements shall be made in a peripheral area 25mm inboard of the design glass
outline and of any opaque obscuration, provided that it does not impinge into the
extended Zone A or Zone I.
5.4.1.2. In the case of split windscreens, no measurements shall be made in a strip 35mm from
the edge of the windscreen which is adjacent to the dividing pillar.
5.4.1.3. A maximum value of 6' of arc is permitted for all portions of Zone I or Zone A in a
peripheral area 100mm inboard of the design glass outline.
5.4.1.4. Test Pieces
5.4.1.4.1. Four windscreens shall be tested and each shall meet the requirements.
5.4.2. Secondary Image Separation Test.
When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.13. separation of the primary and
secondary image shall not exceed the values given below for each zone or test area.
Vehicle category
Zone or test area
Maximum values of the
separation of the primary
and secondary images
1-1 and 2 (based on a 1-1 A � extended according to Paragraph 7.1.3.2.2.
where the windscreen and B � reduced according to Paragraph 7.1.3.2.4.
seating positions are identical)
15' of arc
25' of arc
1-2 and 2 (except those
based on a 1-1 where the
windscreen and seating
position are identical)
I according to Paragraph 7.1.3.3.2.
15' of arc

---

5.4.5. 227g Ball Test.
When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.3., at the temperature and drop height
specified in Paragraph 6.3.3.4., the test piece shall meet the following requirements:
5.4.5.1. The ball does not pass through the test piece.
5.4.5.2. The test piece does not break into separate pieces.
5.4.5.3. Tears in the interlayer are allowed provided that the ball does not pass through the test
piece.
5.4.5.4. If the interlayer is not torn, the mass of fragments detached from the side of the glass
opposite to the point of impact shall not exceed the applicable values specified in
Paragraph 6.3.3.4.
5.4.5.6. Test Pieces
5.4.5.6.1. Ten test pieces shall be tested at each of the specified temperatures and at least eight of
each ten shall meet the requirements.
5.4.5.6.2. The test pieces shall be as described in Paragraph 6.3.4.
5.5. Requirements Applicable to Panes
5.5.1. Requirements Applicable only to Uniformly Toughened Glass Panes.
5.5.1.1. Fragmentation Test
When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.2., at the points specified in
Paragraph 6.2.2.2., uniformly toughened glass shall fragment as follows:
5.5.1.1.1. The number of fragments in any 5cm � 5cm shall not be less than 40.
5.5.1.1.2. For the purposes of this requirement, a fragment extending across at least one side of a
square shall count as half a fragment.
5.5.1.1.3. When a fragment extends beyond the excluded area only the part of the fragment falling
outside of the area shall be assessed.
5.5.1.1.4. Fragments of an area exceeding 3cm shall not be allowed except in the parts defined in
Paragraph 6.2.2.3.
5.5.1.1.5. No fragment longer than 100mm in length shall be allowed except in the areas defined in
Paragraph 6.2.2.3. provided that:
5.5.1.1.5.1. Fragment ends do not converge to a point.
5.5.1.1.5.2. If they extend to the edge of the pane they do not form an angle of more than 45° to it.
5.5.1.1.6. Test pieces
5.5.1.1.6.1. Four panes shall be tested from each point of impact and at least three shall meet the
requirements.

---

5.5.2.2.3. Interpretation of Results
5.5.2.2.3.1. This test shall be deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following conditions
are met:
5.5.2.2.3.1.1. The test piece yields and breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks centered
approximately on the point of impact,
5.5.2.2.3.1.2. Tears in the interlayer are allowed, but the manikin's head shall not pass through,
5.5.2.2.3.1.3. No large fragments of glass shall become detached from the interlayer.
5.5.2.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from the point
of view of the head form test if at least seven of the eight test pieces meet the
requirements.
5.5.2.3. 2,260g Ball Test
The provisions concerning the 2,260g ball test shall apply to laminated-glass panes
bearing the additional symbol /D.
5.5.2.3.1. 12 square test pieces of 300mm side shall be subjected to testing.
5.5.2.3.2. Test Method
5.5.2.3.2.1. The method used shall be that described in Paragraph 6.4.
5.5.2.3.2.2. The height of drop (from the under-face of the ball to the upper-face of the test piece)
shall be 4m +25/-0mm.
5.5.2.3.3. Interpretation of Results
5.5.2.3.3.1. The test shall be deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the ball does not pass
through the glazing within 5s after the moment of impact.
5.5.2.3.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from the point
of view of the 2,260g ball test if at least 11 of the 12 tests have given a satisfactory
result.
5.5.3. Requirements Applicable only to Double-glazed Units.
5.5.3.1. Individual Components
Each component pane forming the double-glazed unit shall be separately subjected to
the requirements set out in Paragraph 6. as appropriate for that type of glazing.
5.5.3.2. Head-form Test
When tested in accordance with Paragraph 6.5., at a drop height of 1.50m
test pieces shall meet following requirements:
�0
� 5
mm, the
5.5.3.2.1. A double-glazed unit consisting of two uniformly toughened-glass panes shall break.

---

6.2.2. Procedure
6.2.2.1. The test piece to be tested shall not be rigidly secured; it may however be fastened on
an identical test piece by means of adhesive tape applied all round the edge.
6.2.2.2. One test shall be carried out at each of the prescribed point of impact.
6.2.2.3. Fragmentation shall not be checked in a strip 2cm wide round the edge of the samples,
this strip representing the frame of the glass, nor within a radius of 7.5cm from the point
of impact.
6.2.2.4. Examination of the fragmentation pattern shall start within 10s and shall be completed
within 3minutes after the impact.
6.2.3. Points of Impact for Uniformly Toughened Glass Panes
They are as follows, and represented in Annex 7.2. , Figures 2(a), 2(b) and 2(c)
6.2.3.1. Point 1: in the geometric centre of the glass.
6.2.3.2. Point 2: for curved glass panes only; this point shall be selected on the largest median in
that part of the pane where the radius of curvature "r" of the glazing is less than 200mm.
6.2.3.3. Test Pieces
6.2.3.3.1. Four panes for each point of impact.
6.3. 227g Ball Test
6.3.1. Apparatus
6.3.1.1. Solid, smooth, hardened-steel ball with a mass of 227g ± 2g.
6.3.1.2. Means for dropping the ball freely from the height in Paragraph 6.3.3., or a means for
giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to
project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be ±1% of the velocity equivalent
to that obtained by the free fall.

---

6.3.3. Drop Height
6.3.3.1. The drop height shall be measured from the under-face of the ball to the upper face of
the test piece.
6.3.3.2. For uniformly toughened glass panes, the drop height shall be 2.0m mm.
6.3.3.3. For laminated-glass and glass-plastic panes, the drop height shall be 9m mm.
6.3.3.4. For laminated-glass and glass-plastic windscreens, the drop height and the mass of the
detached fragments shall be as indicated in the following table, where e equals the
� 25
nominal thickness of the specimen being tested. A tolerance of mm is allowed in the
� 0
height of fall. Ten test pieces shall be tested at a temperature of +40 ± 2°C and ten at a
temperature of -20 ± 2°C.
Nominal thickness of +40 ± 2°C
-20 ± 2°C
test pieces
Height of fall
Maximum
permitted
mass of the
fragments
Height of fall
mm M g m g
Maximum
permitted
mass of the
fragments
e ≤4.5
4.5 5.5 e >6.5
9
9
9
9
12
15
20
25
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
12
15
20
25
6.3.4. Test Pieces
6.3.4.1. The test pieces shall be flat samples measuring 300 � 300mm, specially made or cut
from the flattest part of a windscreen or pane.
6.3.4.2. Test pieces can alternatively be finished products that may be supported over the
apparatus described in Paragraph 6.3.1.
6.3.4.3. If the test pieces are curved, care should be taken to ensure adequate contact with the
support.
6.4. 2,260g Ball Test
6.4.1. Apparatus
6.4.1.1. Solid hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2,260g ± 20g.
6.4.1.2. Means for dropping the ball freely from the height specified in Paragraph 6.4.2.7. or
means for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a
device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be ±1% of the velocity
equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

---

6.5. Head-form Tests
6.5.1. Apparatus
6.5.1.1. Head-form
6.5.1.1.1. Spherical or semi-spherical head-form made of laminated hardwood covered with
replaceable felt and with or without a crossbeam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped
intermediate piece between the spherical part and the crossbeam and a mounting rod on
the other side of the crossbeam.
Dimensions in mm
Figure 2
Head-form
6.5.1.1.2. The dimensions shall be in accordance with Figure 2.
6.5.1.1.3. The total mass of the head-form shall be 10 ± 0.2kg.
6.5.1.2. Means for dropping the head-form freely from a height to be specified, or means for
giving the head-form a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device
to project the head-form is used, the tolerance on velocity shall be ±1% of the velocity
equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

---

6.5.2.4. The head-form shall strike the test piece within 40mm of its geometric centre on its inner
face.
6.5.2.5. The head-form shall make only one impact.
6.5.2.6. The impact surface of the felt cover shall be replaced after each successive 12 tests.
6.5.3. Procedure for Tests on Windscreens
6.5.3.1. Condition the test piece at the temperature specified in Paragraph 6.1.1. for at least 4h
immediately preceding the test.
6.5.3.2. Place the windscreen freely on a supporting fixture as described in Paragraph 6.5.1.4.
6.5.3.3. The plane of the windscreen shall be perpendicular within 3°, to the incident direction of
the head-form.
6.5.3.4. The head-form shall strike the windscreen within 40mm of its geometric centre on its
inner face.
6.5.3.5. The head-form shall make only one impact.
6.5.3.6. The impact surface of the felt cover shall be replaced after each successive 12 tests.
6.5.4. Drop Height
6.5.4.1. The drop height shall be measured from the under-face of the head-form to the upper
face of the test piece.
�0
6.5.4.2. It shall be 1.5m � 5
double glazed units.
mm for tests conducted on windscreens and on flat samples for
6.5.5.
Test Pieces
6.5.5.1.
The test pieces according to Paragraph 6.5.2. shall be flat samples measuring
1,100 � 500mm
mm.
6.5.5.2.
The test pieces according to Paragraph 6.5.3. shall be windscreens.

---

6.6.1.2. Abrasive wheels , each 45 to 50mm in diameter and 12.5mm thick, composed of a
special finely-screened abrasive embedded in a medium hard rubber.
6.6.1.2.1. The wheels shall have a hardness of 72 ± 5 IRHD, as measured at four points equally
spaced on the centreline of the abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically
along a diameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10s after full application of
the pressure.
6.6.1.2.2. The abrasive wheels shall be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a sheet of
flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely even.
6.6.1.3. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained within a
parallelepiped measuring 1.5mm � 1.5mm � 3mm. The voltage at the lamp filament shall
be such that the colour temperature is 2,856 ± 50K. This voltage shall be stabilised
within ± 1/1,000.
6.6.1.4. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length f of at least 500mm and corrected
for chromatic aberrations.
6.6.1.4.1. The full aperture of the lens shall not exceed f/20.
6.6.1.4.2. The distance between the lens and the light source shall be adjusted in order to obtain a
light beam which is substantially parallel.
6.6.1.4.3. A diaphragm shall be inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 ± 1mm. This
diaphragm shall be situated at a distance of 100 ± 50mm from the lens on the side
remote from the light source.
6.6.1.5. Equipment for measuring scattered light (Figure 5), consisting of a photoelectric cell with
an integrating sphere 200 to 250mm in diameter. The sphere shall be equipped with
entrance and exit ports for the light. The entrance port shall be circular and have a
diameter at least twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere shall be
provided with either a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedure
described in Paragraph 6.6.2.6. below. The light trap shall absorb all the light when no
test piece is inserted in the light beam.
6.6.1.5.1. The axis of the light beam shall pass through the centre of the entrance and exit ports.
The diameter b of the light-exit port shall be equal to 2 a tan 4°, where a is the diameter
of the sphere. The photoelectric cell shall be mounted in such a way that it cannot be
reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard.
6.6.1.5.2. The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance standard shall
be of substantially equal reflectance and shall be matte and non-selective.
6.6.1.5.3. The output of the photoelectric cell shall be linear within ±2% over the range of luminous
intensities used. The design of the instrument shall be such that there is no
galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark.

---

6.6.2.6. Take four readings as indicated in the following table:
Reading
With test
piece
With light
trap
With reflectance
standard
T No No Yes Incident light
Quantity represented
T Yes No Yes Total light transmitted by test piece
T No Yes No Light scattered by instrument
T
Yes
Yes
No
Light scattered by instrument and
test piece
6.6.2.7. Repeat readings for T , T , T and T with other specified positions of the test piece to
determine uniformity.
6.6.2.8. Calculate the total transmittance T = T /T .
6.6.2.9. Calculate the diffuse transmittance T as follows:
T
�
T
�
� T T
T � T
/ T
�
6.6.2.10. Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows:
T
6.6.2.11. Haze, or light or both, scattered = � 100%
T
6.6.2.12. Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four equally spaced points in
the unabraded area in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each
test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by
rotating the piece uniformly at 3r/s or more.
6.6.2.13. For each type of safety glazing, carry out three tests with the same load. Use the haze
as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the test piece has been subjected to the
abrasion test.
6.6.2.14. Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of four equally spaced
points along the track in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for
each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by
rotating the piece uniformly at 3r/s or more.
6.6.3. Test Pieces
6.6.3.1. The test pieces shall be flat samples measuring 100 � 100mm.

---

6.8.2.3. The exposure time shall be 100h. Each test piece shall be subjected to radiation such
that the radiation on each point of the test piece produces on the interlayer the same
effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of 1,400W/m for 100h.
6.8.2.4. After exposure, measure the regular light transmittance again in the exposed area of
each test piece.
6.8.3. Test Pieces
6.8.3.1. The test pieces shall be flat samples measuring 76 � 300mm or 300 � 300mm, which
have been specially made or cut from three windscreens or three panes, as the case
may be, one edge of which corresponds to the upper edge of the glazing.
6.9. Test of Resistance to Humidity
6.9.1. Procedure
6.9.1.1. Keep samples in a vertical position for two weeks in a closed container in which the
temperature is maintained at 50 ± 2°C and the relative humidity at 95 ± 4%.
6.9.1.2. If several test pieces are tested at the same time, spacing shall be provided between
them.
6.9.1.3. Precautions shall be taken to prevent condensate from the walls or ceiling of the test
chamber from falling on the test pieces.
6.9.1.4. Before assessment, laminated-glass test pieces shall have been maintained for 2h in the
conditions specified in Paragraph 6.1.
6.9.1.5. Before assessment, test pieces of glass faced with plastic and of glass-plastics shall
have been maintained for 48h in the conditions specified in Paragraph 6.1.
6.9.2. Test Pieces
6.9.2.1. The test pieces shall be samples measuring 300 � 300mm, which have been specially
made or cut from three windscreens or three panes, as the case may be. One edge at
least shall correspond to an edge of the glazing.
6.10. Test of Resistance to Temperature Changes
6.10.1. Procedure
6.10.1.1. Test pieces shall be placed in an enclosure at a temperature of -40°C ± 5°C for a period
of 6h; they shall then be placed in the open air at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C for 1h or
until temperature equilibrium has been reached by the test pieces.
6.10.1.2. Test pieces shall then be placed in circulating air at a temperature of +72°C ± 2°C for 3h.
6.10.1.3. After being placed again in the open air at +23°C ± 2°C and cooled to that temperature,
the test pieces shall be examined.

---

6.11.2.2. Place the glazing at a distance from the receiver equal to five times the diameter of the
receiver. Insert the glazing between the diaphragm and the receiver and adjust its
orientation in such a way that the angle of incidence of the light beam is equal to 0 ± 5°.
The regular light transmittance shall be measured on the glazing, and for every point
measured the number of divisions, n, shown on the indicating instrument, shall be read.
The regular transmittance � is equal to n/100.
6.11.3. Test Pieces
6.11.3.1. Test pieces shall be either flat samples or finished products.
6.11.3.2. In the case of windscreens the test area shall be as defined in Paragraph 7.1.3.4.
6.12. Optical Distortion Test
6.12.1. Apparatus
The apparatus shall comprise the following items, arranged as shown in Figure 6
R = 4m
R = 2 to 4m (4m preferred)
Figure 6
Arrangement of the Apparatus for the Optical Distortion Test
6.12.1.1. Projector with a high-intensity point light source. R
6.12.1.1.1. The projector shall have the following characteristics:
6.12.1.1.1.1. Focal length at least 90mm.
6.12.1.1.1.2. Aperture 1/2.5.
6.12.1.1.1.3. 150W quartz halogen lamp (if used without a filter).

---

6.12.1.2. Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular shapes on a dark
background (see Figure 8). The slides shall be of sufficiently high quality and contrast to
enable measurement to be carried out with an error of less than 5%. In the absence of
the glazing to be examined, the dimensions of the circular shapes shall be such that
when the circular shapes are projected they form an array of circles of diameter
R
� R
R
� �x
, where �x = 4mm (Figures 6 and 9).
Figure 8
Enlarged Section of the Slide
Figure 9
Diagrammatic Representation of Optical Distortion
Notes: �� = � - � , i.e. the optical distortion in the direction M-M'.
�x = MC, i.e. the distance between two straight lines parallel to the direction
of vision and passing through the Points M and M'.

---

6.12.2.2. Calculate the value of A (Figure 10) from the limit value �� for the change in deviation
and the value of R , the distance from the windscreen to the display screen:
A = 0.145 �� R
The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected image �d and the
change in angular deviation �a is given by
where:
�d = 0.29 �� R ,
�d
A
��
��
R
is in millimetres;
is in millimetres;
is in minutes of arc;
is in minutes of arc;
is in metres.
6.12.3. Expression of Results. Evaluate the optical distortion of the windscreen by measuring �d
at any point of the surface and in all directions in order to find �d max.
6.12.4. Alternative Method. A strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to the
projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the measurements given in
Paragraph 6.12.2.2. is maintained.
6.12.5. Test Pieces
6.12.5.1. The test pieces shall be windscreens.
6.13. Secondary Image Separation Test
6.13.1. Target Test
6.13.1.1. Apparatus
6.13.1.1.1. This method involves viewing an illuminated target through the windscreen. The target
may be designed in such a way that the test can be carried out on a simple 'go-no go'
basis.
6.13.1.1.2. The target shall be of one of the following types:
6.13.1.1.2.1. an illuminated 'ring' target whose outer diameter, D, subtends an angle of � minutes of
arc at a point situated at x metres (Figure 11 (a)), or
6.13.1.1.2.2. an illuminated 'ring and spot' target whose dimensions are such that the distance, D,
from a point on the edge of the spot to the nearest point on the inside of the circle
subtends an angle of � minutes of arc at a point situated at × metres (Figure 11 (b)),
where:
� is the limit value of secondary-image separation,
x is the distance from the safety-glass pane to the target (not less than 5m),
D is given by the formula: D = x tg �
6.13.1.1.3. The illuminated target consists of a light box, 300mm � 300mm � 150mm.

---

6.13.2. Alternative Collimation-telescope Test
6.13.2.1. Apparatus
6.13.2.1.1. The apparatus comprises a collimator and a telescope and may be set up in accordance
with Figure 12. However, any equivalent optical system may be used.
6.13.2.2. Procedure
6.13.2.2.1. The collimation telescope forms at infinity the image of a polar co-ordinate system with a
bright point at its centre (Figure 13).
6.13.2.2.2. In the focal plane of the observation telescope, a small opaque spot with a diameter
slightly larger than that of the projected bright point is placed on the optical axis, thus
obscuring the bright point.
6.13.2.2.3. When a test piece which exhibits a secondary image is placed between the telescope
and the collimator, a second, less bright point appears at a certain distance from the
centre of the polar co-ordinate system. The secondary-image separation can be read out
as the distance between the points seen through the observation telescope (Figure 13).
6.13.2.2.4. The distance between the dark spot and the bright point at the centre of the polar
co-ordinate system represents the optical deviation.
6.13.2.3. Expression of Results. The windscreen shall first be examined by a simple scanning
technique to establish the area giving the strongest secondary image. That area shall
then be examined by the collimator-telescope system at the appropriate angle of
incidence. The maximum secondary-image separation shall be measured.

---

6.13.4. Test Pieces
Figure 13
Example of Observation by the Collimation-telescope Test Method
6.13.4.1. The test pieces shall be windscreens.
6.14. Fire Resistance Test
6.14.1 Apparatus
6.14.1.1. Combustion Chamber
6.14.1.1.1. The combustion chamber is illustrated by Figure 14, having the dimensions given in
Figure 15.

---

6.14.1.1.2. The combustion chamber is constructed of stainless steel.
6.14.1.1.3. The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant observation window, which may
cover the entire front and which can be constructed as an access panel.
6.14.1.1.4. The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all around.
6.14.1.1.5. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10mm high. The chamber may have a
hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder containing the sample; in the
opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas-supply line. Melted material is caught in a
pan (Figure 16) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent holes
without covering any vent hole area.
Dimensions in mm
Tolerances according to ISO 2768
Figure 16
Typical Drip Pan

---

6.14.1.2.3. A support shall be provided in the form of heat-resistant wires 0.25mm in diameter
spanning the frame at 25mm intervals over the bottom U-shaped frame (Figure 18).
Dimensions in mm
Tolerances according to ISO 2768
Figure 18
Example of Section of Lower U-frame Design for Wire Support Facility
6.14.1.2.4. The plane of the lower side of samples shall be 178mm above the floor plate. The
distance of the front edge of the sample holder from the end of the chamber shall be
22mm; the distance of the longitudinal sides of the sample holder from the sides of the
chamber shall be 50mm (all inside dimensions). (Figures 14 and 15.)
6.14.1.3. Gas burner. The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner having an inside
diameter of 9.5mm. It is so located in the test cabinet that the centre of its nozzle is
19mm below the centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (Figure 15).
6.14.1.4. Test gas. The gas supplied to the burner shall have a calorific value of about 38 MJ/m
(for example natural gas).
6.14.1.5. Metal comb, at least 110mm in length, with seven or eight smooth rounded teeth per
25mm.
6.14.1.6. Stop-watch, accurate to 0.5s.

---

6.14.2.10. Calculation
6.14.3. Test Pieces
The burning rate B, in millimetres per minute, is given by the formula B = s/t 60; where:
s is the burnt distance, in millimetres, t is the time in seconds, taken to burn the
distance s.
6.14.3.1. Shape and Dimensions
6.14.3.1.1. The shape and dimensions of samples are given in Figure 19. The thickness of the
sample corresponds to the thickness of the product to be tested. It shall not be more
than 13mm. When sample-taking so permits, the sample shall have a constant section
over its entire length.
Dimensions in mm
Figure 19
Sample
6.14.3.1.2. When the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample of the given
size, the following minimum dimensions shall be observed:
(a)
(b)
(c)
For samples having a width of 3 to 60mm, the length shall be 355mm. In this case
the material is tested over the product width;
For samples having a width of 60 to 100mm, the length shall be at least 138mm.
In this case the potential burning distance corresponds to the length of the sample,
the measurement starting at the first measuring point;
Samples less than 60mm wide and less than 355mm long, and samples 60 to
100mm wide and less than 138mm long, cannot be tested according to the
present method, nor can samples less than 3mm wide.

---

6.15.2.1.3. The test pieces shall be completely immersed in the test fluid and held for 1min, then
removed and immediately wiped dry with a clean absorbent cotton cloth.
6.15.3. Test Pieces
6.15.3.1. The test pieces shall be flat samples measuring 180 � 25mm.
7. ANNEXES
7.1. Annex 7.1. Procedures for determining test areas on windscreens of Category 1-1
vehicles in relation to the "V" Points and Category 1-2 and 2 vehicles in relation to the
"O" Point.
7.1.1. Position of the "V" Points
7.1.1.1. The position of the "V" Points in relation to the "R" Point as indicated by the X Y and Z
co-ordinates in the three-dimensional reference system, are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
7.1.1.2. Table 1 gives the basic co-ordinates for a design seat-back angle of 25°. The positive
direction of the co-ordinates is shown in this Annex, Figure 3.
Table 1
"V" Point A b c(d)
V
V
68mm
68mm
-5mm
-5mm
665mm
589mm

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7.1.3.2. Determination of two test areas for Category 1-1 vehicles using the "V" Points
7.1.3.2.1. Test Area A is the area on the outer surface of the windscreen bounded by the following
four planes extending forward from the "V" Points (see Figure 1):
(a)
A plane parallel to the Y Axis passing through V and inclined upwards at 3° from
the X Axis (Plane 1);
(b) A plane parallel to the Y Axis passing through V and inclined downwards at 1°
from the X Axis (Plane 2);
(c)
(d)
A vertical plane passing through V and V and inclined at 13° to the left of the axis
in the case of left-hand drive vehicles and to the right of the X Axis in the case of
right-hand drive vehicles (Plane 3);
A vertical plane passing through V and V and inclined at 20° to the right of the
X Axis in the case of left-hand drive vehicles and to the left of the X Axis in the
case of right-hand drive vehicles (Plane 4).
7.1.3.2.2. The "extended Test Area A" is Zone A, extended to the median plane of the vehicle, and
in the corresponding part of the windscreen symmetrical to it about the longitudinal
median plane of the vehicle, and also in the reduced Test Area B according to
Paragraph 7.1.3.2.4. of this Annex.
7.1.3.2.3. Test Area B is the area of the outer surface of the windscreen bounded by the
intersection of the following four planes (see Figure 2):
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A plane inclined upward from the X Axis at 7°, passing through V and parallel to
the Y Axis (Plane 5);
A plane inclined downward from the X Axis at 5°, passing through V and parallel
to the Y Axis (Plane 6);
A vertical plane passing through V1 and V2 and forming an angle of 17° to the left
of the X Axis in the case of left-hand drive vehicles and to the right of the X Axis in
the case of right-hand drive vehicles (Plane 7);
A plane symmetrical with respect to the Plane 7 in relation to the longitudinal
median plane of the vehicle (Plane 8).
7.1.3.2.4.
The "reduced Test Area B" is Test Area B with the exclusion of the following areas
(see
Figures 2 and 3):
7.1.3.2.4.1. The Test Area A defined under Paragraph 7.1.3.2.1., extended according to
Paragraph 7.1.3.2.2. of this Annex;

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7.1.3.2.5.1. upper vertical datum point forward of V and 7° above the horizontal (Pr1);
7.1.3.2.5.2. lower vertical datum point forward of V and 5° below the horizontal (Pr2);
7.1.3.2.5.3. horizontal datum point forward of V and 17° to the left (Pr3);
7.1.3.2.5.4. three additional datum points symmetrical to the points defined under
Paragraphs 7.1.3.2.5.1. to 7.1.3.2.5.3. in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the
vehicle (respectively Pr'1, Pr'2, Pr'3).
Figure 1
Test Area "A" (Example of a Left-hand Steering Control Vehicle)
C : trace of the longitudinal
median plane of the vehicle
P : trace of the relevant plane
(see text)

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Figure 2(b)
Reduced Test Area "B" (Example of a Left-hand Steering Control Vehicle)
Upper obscuration area as defined in Paragraph 7.1.3.2.4.2.1.
C : trace of the longitudinal
median plane of the vehicle
P : trace of the relevant plane
(see text)

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7.1.3.3. Determination of the Test Areas for Category 1-2 and 2 Vehicles using the "O" Point
7.1.3.3.1. The straight Line OQ which is the horizontal straight line passing through the eye point
"O" and perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle.
7.1.3.3.2. Zone I is the zone determined by the intersection of the windscreen with the four planes
defined below:
In addition, opaque obscuration can be exempted in Zone I. It is the limited areas where
it is intended that a sensing device, e.g. a rain-drop detector, rear view mirror or
autonomous sensors, will be bonded to the inner side of the windscreen. The opaque
obscuration where such devices may be applied is defined in Paragraph 7.1.3.3.3. of this
Annex.
P1
P2
a vertical plane passing through Point 0 and forming an angle of 15° to the left of
the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;
a vertical plane symmetrical to P1 about the median longitudinal plane of the
vehicle.
If this is not possible (in the absence of a symmetrical median longitudinal plane, for
instance) P2 shall be the plane symmetrical to P1 about the longitudinal plane of the
vehicle passing through Point O.
P3
P4
a plane passing through a transverse horizontal line containing O and forming an
angle of 10° above the horizontal plane;
a plane passing through a transverse horizontal line containing O and forming an
angle of 8° below the horizontal plane;
Figure 4
Determination of Zone I

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7.1.3.4. Determination of the Test Area for Light Transmittance for all Vehicle Categories
The test area for light transmittance is the transparent area, excluding any opaque
obscuration and any shade band. For practical reasons relating to the method of
mounting and means of installation, it is accepted that a windscreen may incorporate an
obscuration band which extends by not more than 25mm from the edge of the design
glass outline.
Additional opaque obscuration is also allowed in limited areas where it is intended that a
sensing device, e.g. a rain-drop detector or rear view mirror, will be bonded to the inner
side of the windscreen. The allowed areas where such devices may be applied are
defined in Paragraph 7.1.3.2.4. of this Annex.
Annex 7.2. Measurement of the height of segment and position of the points of impact
Figure 1
Determination of the Height of Segment "h"

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