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E/ECE/324
) Rev.2/Add.123/Amend.3
E/ECE/TRANS/505 )
March 21, 2022
STATUS OF UNITED NATIONS REGULATION
ECE 124-00
UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF:
WHEELS FOR PASSENGER CARS AND THEIR TRAILERS
Incorporating:
00 series of amendments
Date of Entry into Force: 02.02.07
Supplement 1 to the 00 series of amendments
Date of Entry into Force: 30.01.11
Supplement 2 to the 00 series of amendments
Date of Entry into Force: 30.09.21
Supplement 3 to the 00 series of amendments
Date of Entry into Force: 07.01.22

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REGULATION No. 124
UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF
WHEELS FOR PASSENGER CARS AND THEIR TRAILERS
CONTENTS
REGULATION
1. Scope
2. Definitions
3. Application for approval
4. Approval
5. Wheel markings
6. General requirements
7. Modifications and extension of approval for wheel
8. Conformity of production
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production
10. Production definitely discontinued
11. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of
administrative departments

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REGULATION NO. 124
1. SCOPE
This Regulation covers new replacement wheels designed for vehicles of Categories M ,
M G, N , N G, O and O . .
It does not apply to original equipment wheels or vehicle manufacturer’s replacement
wheels as defined in Paragraphs 2.3. and 2.4.1. It does not apply to "Special wheels", as
defined in Paragraph 2.5., which shall remain subjected to national approval.
It does not apply to wheels with less than three-wheel fixing components (studs or nuts)
which are not identical replacement wheels.
This Regulation comprises requirements for wheel manufacture and installation.
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Regulation:
2.1. "Wheel" means a rotating load-carrying member between the tyre and the axle. It usually
consists of two major parts:
(a)
(b)
The rim;
The wheel disc.
The rim and wheel disc may be integral, permanently attached, or detachable.
2.1.1. "Disc wheel" means a permanent combination of a rim and wheel disc.
2.1.2. "Wheel with demountable rim" means a wheel so constructed that the demountable rim is
clamped to the wheel disc.
2.1.3. "Rim" means that part of the wheel on which the tyre is mounted and supported.
2.1.4. "Wheel disc" means that part of the wheel which is the supporting member between the
axle and the rim.
2.1.5. "PCD" means the pitch circle diameter of bolt holes.
2.2. "Wheel type" means a wheel which does not differ in the following essential characteristics:
2.2.1. The wheel manufacturer;
2.2.2. Wheel or rim size designation (according to ISO 3911:1998);
2.2.3. Construction materials;
2.2.4. Wheel attachment holes;

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Figure 1
2.7. "Dynamic radius" means the dynamic loaded radius defined as the theoretical rolling
circumference divided by 2� of the largest tyre to be used on the wheel as specified by the
wheel manufacturer.
2.8. "International Tyre and Rim Standards" mean documents concerning wheel
standardization issued by the following Organizations:
(a) The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ;
(b)
The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO)
:
"Standards Manual";

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3.1.2.4.
Fixing method of balancing weights;
3.1.2.5.
Necessary accessories (i.e. additional mounting components);
3.1.2.6.
International Standard reference;
3.1.2.7.
Suitable for tubeless tyre mounting;
3.1.2.8.
Suitable valves types;
3.1.2.9.
Maximum load capacity at rolling circumference;
3.1.2.10.
Maximum inflation pressure;
3.1.2.11.
Detail of material including chemical composition (see Annex 4);
3.1.2.12.
Tyre size designations specified for original equipment by the vehicle manufacturer.
3.1.3.
Documentation in accordance with Paragraph 1. of Annex 10 to this Regulation:
(a)
Vehicle characteristics (Annex 10, Paragraph 1.2.);
(b)
Additional characteristics (Annex 10, Paragraph 1.3.);
(c)
Fitting instructions details (Annex 10, Paragraph 1.4.); and
(d) Additional requirements (Annex 10, Paragraph 2.).
3.1.4. Sample wheels representative of the wheel type necessary for the execution of laboratory
tests or test reports issued by the Type Approval Authority.
3.2. In case of application for approval of an identical wheel, the applicant shall satisfy the type
approval authority that the wheel is indeed an "identical replacement wheel" as defined in
Paragraph 2.4.2.
4. APPROVAL
4.1. If the wheel submitted for approval in accordance with Paragraph 3. above meets the
requirements, then approval for this type of wheel shall be granted.
4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. The first two digits (at
present 00 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments
incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the
time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number
to another type of wheel.
4.3. Notice of approval or refusal or extension of approval of a type of wheel under this
Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this
Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this
Regulation.

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5.1.3. The wheel inset/outset (positive for inset; negative for outset);
5.1.4. Date of manufacture(at least the month and year);
5.1.5. Part number of the wheel/rim (optional wheel type).
5.2. Annex 3 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the wheel markings.
6. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1. Rim contour shall conform to the International Standard specified by the wheel
manufacturer.
6.2. Rim contour shall ensure the correct fitting of tyres and valves.
6.2.1. Wheels designed for use with tubeless tyres shall ensure air retention.
6.3. Materials used for the construction of the wheel shall be analysed according to Annex 4.
6.4. In the case of identical replacement wheel as defined in Paragraph 2.4.2., there shall not be
any requirement for physical testing as given in Paragraph 6.5. or vehicle fitment checking
as given in Paragraph 2. of Annex 10 to this Regulation.
6.5. The replica replacement wheels and pattern part replacement wheels shall satisfy the
following tests:
As an alternative to the test specifications in Paragraph 6.5.1.1., the endurance life of
replica replacement wheels can be proven in comparison to the endurance life of the vehicle
manufacturer's replacement wheels.
The rotation bending tests on two load levels have to be performed according Annex 6 as
well as rolling test according to Annex 7. These tests have always to be performed in
comparison of the replica replacement wheels to the vehicle manufacturer's replacement
wheels until the required limits or failure of the wheels.
Replica replacement wheels must achieve in every level at least the results or better of the
vehicle manufacturer's replacement wheels.
The tests requirements of the vehicle manufacturer regarding vehicle manufacturer's
replacement wheels can be applied instead of test requirement 6.5.1.1. These testing
requirements have to be disclosed in order to enable the verifiability. The assignment to the
wheel load released by the vehicle manufacturer must be given.
6.5.1. Steel wheels
6.5.1.1. Disc wheels
(a) Rotating bending test as per Annex 6;
(b) Rolling test as per Annex 7.

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6.7. Pattern part replacement wheels shall satisfy the following requirements to guarantee
proper fitment on the vehicle:
6.7.1. The nominal rim diameter, nominal rim width and nominal inset/outset of ECE-approved
wheels shall be the same as the manufacturer’s replacement wheel.
6.7.2. Wheels shall be suitable for tyres of the tyre size designations specified initially by the
vehicle manufacturer for the particular model concerned.
6.7.3. The checks and documentation relevant to the wheel/vehicle fitment are described in
Annex 10.
6.8. When the replacement wheel is mounted on the vehicle, the requirements of
Paragraphs 5.2.1.11.2.1. or 5.2.2.8.2.1. of Regulation No. 13 or Paragraphs 5.2.11.2.1. of
Regulation No. 13-H shall be fulfilled.
7. MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR WHEEL
7.1. Every modification of the wheel type shall be notified to the Approval Authority which
granted the type approval. The Approval Authority may then:
7.1.1. Either consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have appreciable adverse effects
and that in any case the type of wheel still complies with the requirements;
7.1.2. Or require a further test.
7.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be notified by the
procedure specified in Paragraph 4.3. above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this
Regulation.
7.3. The Competent Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number to
each communication form drawn up for such an extension.
8. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
8.1. The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in Appendix 2 to
the Agreement (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2).
8.2. The authority which has granted type approval may at any time verify the conformity control
methods applied in each production facility. The normal frequency of these verifications
shall be once every two years.
9. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a type of wheel pursuant to this Regulation may be
withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met or if a wheel bearing the approval
mark does not conform to the type approved.
9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it
has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this
Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this
Regulation.

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ANNEX 1
COMMUNICATION
(Maximum format: A4 (210mm � 297mm))
Issued by:
Name of administration
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
concerning:
APPROVAL GRANTED
APPROVAL EXTENDED
APPROVAL REFUSED
APPROVAL WITHDRAWN
PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
of a wheel type, pursuant to Regulation No. 124
Approval No. ................................... Extension No. ...........................................
1.
Wheel manufacturer: ........................................................................................................................
2.
Wheel type designation: ...................................................................................................................
2.1.
Category of replacement wheels: .....................................................................................................
2.2.
Construction material: .......................................................................................................................
2.3.
Method of production: .......................................................................................................................
2.4.
Rim contour designation: ..................................................................................................................
2.5.
Wheel inset/outset: ...........................................................................................................................
2.6.
Wheel attachment: ............................................................................................................................
2.7.
Maximum wheel load and respective theoretical rolling circumference ...........................................
3.
Address of the manufacturer: ...........................................................................................................
4.
If applicable, name and address of manufacturers' representative: .................................................
5.
Date on which the wheel was submitted for approval tests: .............................................................

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ANNEX 2
ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPROVAL MARK
a = 9 mm min.
The wheel bearing the above approval mark is a wheel that has been approved in Italy (E3) under
approval number 001148.
The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the
requirements of Regulation No. 124 in its original form.
The marking of approval mark, the Regulation number and approval number may be at a distance from
each other respecting the sequence.

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ANNEX 4
MATERIAL TEST
The following metallurgical analysis shall be carried out and reported:
Material
Aluminium alloy
Magnesium alloy
Steel
Tests
a, b, c, e
a, b, c, e
a, b, d
(a)
Chemical analysis of the raw-material.
(b) Check of the following mechanical characteristics (R , R , and A) relevant to the materials:
(i)
Percentage elongation after fracture (A): Permanent elongation of the gauge length after
fracture (L – L ), expressed as a percentage of the original length (L ).
Where:
Original gauge length (L ): Gauge length before application of force.
Final gauge length (L ): Gauge length after rupture of the test piece.
(ii)
Proof strength, non-proportional extension (R ): Stress at which a non-proportional
extension is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length (L ). The
symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage of the extensometer
gauge length, for example: R .
(iii) Tensile strength (R ): Stress corresponding to the maximum force (F ).
(c) Check of the material characteristics (R , R , and A) of specimen taken from critical zones (such
as the spoke, for example) as well as the inner and the outer rim flange. The take-off points and
position of the samples must be depicted in the drawing.
(d)
(e)
Analysis of the defects and of the new material structure.
Analysis of the metallurgic defects and structure taken from the transition zone of the wheel disc
and rim or from the fracture zone, if applicable.

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ANNEX 6
ROTATING BENDING TEST
1. TEST DESCRIPTION
During the rotating bending test, the lateral forces acting on wheel in driving around a curve are
simulated. Four wheel samples shall be tested, two at 50% and two at 75% of the maximum side
force. The wheel rim is fixed rigidly to the test bench, and a bending moment M is applied to the
hub mounting area (i.e. through a loading arm with a flange having the same pitch circle diameter
as the vehicle for which the wheel is intended). Light alloy wheels are fixed using the internal rim
flange by two semicircular flanges.
Should other fixing devices be used, it is necessary prove their equivalence.
Screws or fixing nuts are tightened to the torque stated by the vehicle manufacturer and
retightened after 10,000 cycles approximately.
2. FORMULA FOR THE BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION
Cars and off-road vehicles: M = S � F ( � � r + d)
M = maximum reference bending moment �Nm�
F
r
d
�
S
= maximum load capacity of wheel �N�
= dynamic radius of largest tyre recommended for wheel �m�
= inset/outset (positive for inset; negative for outset) �m�
= coefficient of friction
= factor of safety

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Necessary tests:
Number of wheels to be tested
Minimum PCD
Maximum PCD
if only one PCD
If a type comprises more than two versions
with different PCD, additional tests on each
version with PCD different to tested version:
PCD difference to a tested version ≤6.5mm
PCD difference to a tested version >6.5mm
Insert variation up to 2mm
From 2mm to 5mm
>5mm
Rotating bending test
Short test
Long test
1
1
2
–
1
–
1
1
1
1
2
–
1
–
–
1
Tests to be carried out should the maximum permitted wheel load subsequently increase.
Short test
=
rotating bending test with 75% of l M
(calculated for the max wheel load)
Long test = rotating bending test with 50% of M
Should the testing moment be increased of more of 10%, when compared to the first approval, the
whole programme shall be repeated.

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ANNEX 7
ROLLING TEST
1. TEST DESCRIPTION
In the rolling test the stress on the wheel when driving straight ahead is simulated by testing a
wheel rolling against a drum which has a minimum outside diameter of 1.7m, in the case of an
external rolling test, or a minimum internal diameter equal to the dynamic radius of the tyre divided
by 0.4 in the case of an internal rolling test. Two wheels shall be tested.
In the case of a negative test, due to material failures, it can be compensated by two positive tests
of the same wheel version. If either or both of the final two samples fail, then the application for
approval of the replacement wheel shall be rejected.
2. FORMULA FOR CALCULATION OF THE TEST LOAD
All types of vehicles
F = S � F
F = testing load [N]
F = wheel maximum load capacity of the wheel [N]
S = factor of safety
3. TESTS PROCEDURE AND REQUIREMENTS
Tests are carried out on the basis of the following specifications:
Rolling direction
M ,MG, N and N G
Factor of safety � S 2.5
2.25
Tyres
Testing speed in km/h
Equivalent rolling distance
Tyre pressure at start of test
(nor checked or controlled
during the test)
Limits of acceptance
Allowable loss of tightening
torque initially applied to the
wheel fixing studs and nuts
Straight
O and O
2.0
Taken from normal (series) production and, if possible, of the
maximum nominal section width recommended for the wheel
The max. allowed by the tyre given by the speed index, usually
60-100 km/h
2.000km
1.000km
2.000km
1.000km
Normal usage:
rolling test pressure
Up to
160kPa
280kPa
More than
160kPa
min. 400kPa
Technical cracks and/or air leakage are not accepted.
�30%

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ANNEX 8
IMPACT TEST
1. TEST DESCRIPTION
The fracture behaviour of the wheel striking an object at the outer rim flange shall be checked at
critical positions. For proof of adequate fracture behaviour, an impact test according to
ISO 7141:2005 shall be carried out.
In the case of a negative test, due to material failures, it can be compensated by two positive tests
of the same wheel version. If either or both of the final two samples fail, then the application for
approval of the replacement wheel shall be rejected.
2. FORMULA FOR THE CALCULATION OF TEST LOAD
D = 0.6 � F / g + 180 [kg]
D = value of falling mass [kg]
F = maximum wheel load capacity [N]
g = acceleration due to gravity 9.81m/s
3. TEST PROCEDURE AND REQUIREMENTS
M ,N,MG and N G
Procedure and requirements ISO 7141:2005
Tyre pressure
Tyres
Acceptance criteria
Number of samples to be
tested
Impact positions
The tyre pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer based
on the load index and the max. vehicle speed, but at least
200kPa.
Tyres taken from normal (series) production with the minimum
nominal section width and minimum rolling circumference on the
range of tyres recommended for the particular wheel.
The test shall be considered satisfactory if there is not any
visible fracture penetrating through the wheel surface and if
there is not total loss of inflation pressure due to tyre
depressurization within one minute of completing the test.
Fractures and indentations caused by the direct contact with the
falling weight are acceptable.
In the case of wheels with demountable rims or other
components that can be dismantled, if threaded fastenings that
are close to the spoke or ventilation holes fail the wheel is to be
considered as having failed the test.
One for each impact position.
One in the area connecting spokes to rim and further one in the
area between two spokes, very close to the valve hole.
If possible, the impact direction shall not coincide with the radial
line between a fixing hole and the wheel centre.

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ANNEX 9
RESERVED
ANNEX 10
VEHICLE FITMENT CHECKS AND DOCUMENTATION
1. APPLICATION AND FITTING INFORMATION
The type approval authority shall be supplied with a copy of following information which shall also
be supplied to the consumer with the wheel.
1.1. Wheel Characteristics:
ECE approval number, wheel type and variant, international rim designation (for example,
15 H2 x 5½ J) and inset/outset.
1.2. Vehicle Characteristics:
Those vehicle characteristics should be listed that distinctly describe the vehicle type and version
for which the wheel will be used. Thereby, depending on the restriction of the range of application
of various markets with respect to certain vehicle versions and variants, various specification
characteristics are possible.
Absolutely required are the data of:
(a)
(b)
Vehicle manufacturer;
Vehicle type;
Additional optional data, e.g.:
(c)
(d)
Vehicle approval number; (if applicable variant/version)
Engine performance (also possible range of performance).
Other specification characteristics/restrictions may also be used.
1.3. Additional characteristics: Any particular requirements, special fittings and so on that are specified
when using the manufacturer’s replacement wheels or specific requirements for the ECE approved
wheel.
1.4. Fitting Instruction Detail:
Recommendations and safety precautions when fitting the wheel;
Use of any additional or substitute wheel fixing components, for example, longer wheel bolts or
studs with alloy wheels;
Wheel fixing tightening torque; drawing attention to the importance of this aspect and the need to
preferably use a calibrated torque wrench; Instruction regarding the necessity to re-tighten the
wheel fixing after 50km of driving; References to the use and mounting of hubcaps, if applicable;

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2. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Wheel calliper check
The design of the inner contour of the wheel (wheel calliper see Figure 1) must provide sufficient
space for the brake, suspension and steering components.
In the case where the wheel calliper is outside of the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel
calliper, no verification is necessary.
In the case where the calliper is inside the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel calliper, a
check shall be carried out of wheel operating clearance with respect to brake, suspension and
steering components and general under body components, taking into account the effect of wheel
balance weights.
As a rule, the following criteria have to be fulfilled:
minimum clearance for brake components (worst case, for example with new brake linings):
3mm ),
minimum clearance for suspension components (e. g. upper and lower suspension arms): 4mm,
minimum clearance for steering components (e.g. track rod and steering joints): 4mm, and
minimum clearance between balance weights and vehicle components: 2mm.
The check may be carried out statically or dynamically. If the various clearances on the vehicle
manufacturer’s replacement wheel are less than those given above, then these can be accepted.
2.2. Ventilation Holes Check
An approved wheel shall not reduce the brake efficiency in comparison with a manufacturer’s
replacement wheel. The heat transfer from the brakes into steel wheels is regarded as being more
severe than that with of light alloy wheels. In the case where the vehicle manufacturer’s
replacement wheel is designed for a defined air circulation from the brake through the wheel
ventilation holes (for example by "windmilling" effect) and where the area of the ventilation holes,
in a pattern part replacement wheel, is smaller than the corresponding vehicle manufacturer’s
replacement wheel, a comparison test shall be carried out to evaluate the brake efficiency.
The test shall follow the requirements of Regulation No. 13, Appendix 4, Paragraph 1.5. Type I -
Fade test procedure. The criterion is the brake temperature. The maximum temperature measured
(discs, drum) using the vehicle manufacturer’s replacement wheel must not be exceeded with the
wheel to be approved.
Any hubcaps normally fitted are to be taken into account.

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